1,008 research outputs found
Effects of medical consortium policy on health services: an interrupted time-series analysis in Sanming, China
ObjectivesChina has implemented reforms to enhance the operational efficiency of three-level medical services through medical consortiums (MCs). This study evaluated the impact of MCs reform on health services in Sanming, China.MethodsAn interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) was conducted to assess the impact of MCs on changes in health service levels and trends across the overall situation of MCs and different institutional types within MCs, including county hospitals and grassroots medical institutions. The evaluation focused on various indicators such as outpatient and emergency visits, inpatients, average length of stay, occupancy rate of hospital beds, and hospital bed turnover times. Monthly data were collected from April 2015 to June 2019 through reports on the Sanming Municipal Health Commission website and the Sanming public hospital management monitoring platform.ResultsAfter the intervention of MCs reform, a significant increase was observed in the total number of inpatients (Ξ²3 =β174.28, p <β0.05). However, no statistically significant change was observed in the total number of outpatient and emergency visits (Ξ²3 =β155.82, p =β0.91). Additionally, the implementation of MCs reform led to an amplification in service volumes provided by county hospitals, with significant increases in the number of outpatient and emergency visits (Ξ²3 =β1376.54, p <β0.05) and an upward trend in the number of inpatients (Ξ²3 =β98.87, p <β0.01). However, no significant changes were observed under the MCs policy for grassroots medical institutions regarding the number of outpatient and emergency visits (Ξ²3 =ββ1220.72, p =β0.22) and number of inpatients (Ξ²3 =β75.42, p =β0.09).ConclusionThe Sanming MCs reform has achieved some progress in augmenting service volumes. Nevertheless, it has not led to an increase in service volumes at the grassroots medical institutions. There persists an insufficiency in the efficiency of services and a need for further improvement in primary healthcare. To address these concerns, it is imperative for county hospitals to offer targeted assistance that can enhance motivation among grassroots medical institutions. Besides the MCs should explore initiatives, including improved management of medical equipment, allocation of funding, and personnel resources
Linking Representations with Multimodal Contrastive Learning
Many applications require grouping instances contained in diverse document
datasets into classes. Most widely used methods do not employ deep learning and
do not exploit the inherently multimodal nature of documents. Notably, record
linkage is typically conceptualized as a string-matching problem. This study
develops CLIPPINGS, (Contrastively Linking Pooled Pre-trained Embeddings), a
multimodal framework for record linkage. CLIPPINGS employs end-to-end training
of symmetric vision and language bi-encoders, aligned through contrastive
language-image pre-training, to learn a metric space where the pooled
image-text representation for a given instance is close to representations in
the same class and distant from representations in different classes. At
inference time, instances can be linked by retrieving their nearest neighbor
from an offline exemplar embedding index or by clustering their
representations. The study examines two challenging applications: constructing
comprehensive supply chains for mid-20th century Japan through linking firm
level financial records - with each firm name represented by its crop in the
document image and the corresponding OCR - and detecting which image-caption
pairs in a massive corpus of historical U.S. newspapers came from the same
underlying photo wire source. CLIPPINGS outperforms widely used string matching
methods by a wide margin and also outperforms unimodal methods. Moreover, a
purely self-supervised model trained on only image-OCR pairs also outperforms
popular string-matching methods without requiring any labels
Fabrication of Semiconductor with Modified Microstructure for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Under Visible Light
Since sustainable energy and environment emerging as one of the top issues and challenges for humanity, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light has attracted increasing attention. Basically the separation and transmission of photogenerated charge carriers are the two main steps of a photocatalytic reaction. They should be key aspects in the design of efficient photocatalysts for solar energy conversion
(S)-Benzyl 3-(4-hyΒdroxyΒphenΒyl)-2-(tritylΒamino)ΒpropanoΒate
The title compound, C35H31NO3, was obtained by the reaction of (S)-benzyl 2-amino-3-(4-hyΒdroxyΒphenΒyl)propanoΒate and (chloroΒmethaneΒtriΒyl)tribenzene. The enantiΒomer has been assigned by reference to an unchanging chiral centre in the synthetic procedure. In the crystal, molΒecules are linked into chains running along the a axis by interΒmolecular OβHβ―O hydrogen bonds
Review of Ξ³β Rafting Behavior in Nickel-Based Superalloys: Crystal Plasticity and Phase-Field Simulation
Rafting is an important phenomenon of the microstructure evolution in nickel-based single crystal superalloys at elevated temperature. Understanding the rafting mechanism and its effect on the microstructure evolution is of great importance in determining the structural stability and applications of the single crystal superalloys. Phase-field method, which is an excellent tool to analyze the microstructure evolution at mesoscale, has been gradually used to investigate the rafting behavior. In this work, we review the crystal plasticity theory and phase-field method and discuss the application of the crystal plasticity theory and phase-field method in the analysis of the creep deformation and microstructure evolution of the single crystal superalloys
Sim-T: Simplify the Transformer Network by Multiplexing Technique for Speech Recognition
In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the Transformer
network for speech recognition tasks due to its excellent model performance.
However, the Transformer network always involves heavy computation and large
number of parameters, causing serious deployment problems in devices with
limited computation sources or storage memory. In this paper, a new lightweight
model called Sim-T has been proposed to expand the generality of the
Transformer model. Under the help of the newly developed multiplexing
technique, the Sim-T can efficiently compress the model with negligible
sacrifice on its performance. To be more precise, the proposed technique
includes two parts, that are, module weight multiplexing and attention score
multiplexing. Moreover, a novel decoder structure has been proposed to
facilitate the attention score multiplexing. Extensive experiments have been
conducted to validate the effectiveness of Sim-T. In Aishell-1 dataset, when
the proposed Sim-T is 48% parameter less than the baseline Transformer, 0.4%
CER improvement can be obtained. Alternatively, 69% parameter reduction can be
achieved if the Sim-T gives the same performance as the baseline Transformer.
With regard to the HKUST and WSJ eval92 datasets, CER and WER will be improved
by 0.3% and 0.2%, respectively, when parameters in Sim-T are 40% less than the
baseline Transformer
Adversarial Auto-Augment with Label Preservation: A Representation Learning Principle Guided Approach
Data augmentation is a critical contributing factor to the success of deep
learning but heavily relies on prior domain knowledge which is not always
available. Recent works on automatic data augmentation learn a policy to form a
sequence of augmentation operations, which are still pre-defined and restricted
to limited options. In this paper, we show that a prior-free autonomous data
augmentation's objective can be derived from a representation learning
principle that aims to preserve the minimum sufficient information of the
labels. Given an example, the objective aims at creating a distant "hard
positive example" as the augmentation, while still preserving the original
label. We then propose a practical surrogate to the objective that can be
optimized efficiently and integrated seamlessly into existing methods for a
broad class of machine learning tasks, e.g., supervised, semi-supervised, and
noisy-label learning. Unlike previous works, our method does not require
training an extra generative model but instead leverages the intermediate layer
representations of the end-task model for generating data augmentations. In
experiments, we show that our method consistently brings non-trivial
improvements to the three aforementioned learning tasks from both efficiency
and final performance, either or not combined with strong pre-defined
augmentations, e.g., on medical images when domain knowledge is unavailable and
the existing augmentation techniques perform poorly. Code is available at:
https://github.com/kai-wen-yang/LPA3}{https://github.com/kai-wen-yang/LPA3.Comment: 36th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS
2022
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